下颌骨关节炎怎样治疗

下颌骨关节炎如何治疗配图，仅供参考

Management
# Medical therapy
The first aim of management is to relieve pain,initially using conservative measures,which will resolve symptoms in over 80% patients ). These include reassurance; jaw rest with a soft diet; avoidance of wide mouth opening; physiotherapy; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),which can be prescribed topically; and soft occlusal splints made by the dentist ). Effective management of the disease activity with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics appropriate to the underlying disease is vital.
Although there is no evidence of long-term benefits using physiotherapy,it is not harmful and can be used in the short-term management of the restriction of opening after an exacerbation of the condition,arthroscopy,or open surgery. Topical NSAIDs applied to the joint and masticatory musculature may produce the same benefits as oral preparations,but with fewer side effects in superficial joints,and they should be used 4 times a day for 4 weeks ). Although data from these trials relate to NSAID use in osteoarthritis in clinical practice,they also have been used as a basis to treat inflammatory arthropathies affecting the TMJ. Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants are beneficial for myofascial pain related to the TMJ,but evidence of their use has been extrapolated from studies that employed these drugs for chronic pain elsewhere in the body ).
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (including biologics) can attenuate joint damage by suppressing inflammation in all of the inflammatory arthritides discussed,and the aim of the rheumatologist should be to achieve remission if possible ). The benefit of these therapies is that the TMJ is treated simultaneously with other joints as the systemic pathophysiology of the disease is targeted. The full extent of their application is beyond the scope of this review and is well reported elsewhere.
Bite splints,which are worn at night,permit masticatory muscle rest,reduce myofascial pain,and reduce the load on the TMJ,particularly in patients with a tendency for clenching or grinding their teeth. Cochrane analysis has shown that no type of bite splint delivers a better outcome,so an inexpensive,simple,lower occlusal soft splint made by the dentist is sufficient ).","department":"